There are two main stages of gum disease: Gingivitis (early stage) and Periodontitis (advanced stage). In the early stage of gum disease, the gums become swollen, red and bleed easily. At this stage, the disease is still reversible and can usually be eliminated by daily brushing and flossing. If left untreated, Gingivitis can become Periodontitis. In this more advanced stage of gum disease, the gums and bone that support the teeth become irreversibly damaged. Severely infected gums and bone can cause teeth to become painful, mobile, and eventually untreatable.

Gum disease is caused by plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that constantly forms on the teeth. These bacteria create toxins that can damage the gums.

Some factors increase the risk of developing gum disease:
1. Tobacco smoking or chewing
2. System-wide diseases such as diabetes
3. Some types of medication such as steroids, anti-epilepsy drugs, cancer therapy drugs, calcium channel blockers, and oral contraceptives
4. Faulty Dental Restorations
5. Poor oral hygiene
6. Pregnancy
7. Previous history of gum treatment and/or surgery

Possible warning signs:
1. Gums that bleed easily
2. Red, swollen, tender gums
3. Persistent bad breath or bad taste
4. Permanent teeth that are loose or separating
5. Any change in the fit of partial dentures

It is possible to have periodontal disease and have no warning signs.

That is one reason why regular dental checkups and periodontal examinations are very important. Treatment methods depend on the type of disease and how far the condition has progressed.

Good oral hygiene at home is essential to keep periodontal disease from becoming worse or recurring. Brush regularly, floss your teeth, eat a balanced diet, and schedule regular dental visits.